"" Sourcing The third filter concerns the mass medias' need for a continuous flow of information to fill their demand for daily news. In an industrialized economy where consumers demand information on numerous global events unfolding simultaneously, they argue that this task can only be filled by major business and government sectors that have the necessary material resources . This includes mainly The Pentagon and other governmental bodies. Chomsky and Herman then argue that a "symbiotic relationship" arises between the media and parts of government which is sustained by economic necessity and reciprocity of interest. On the one hand, government and news-promoters strive to make it easier for news organizations to buy their services; according to the authors (p. 22), they provide them with facilities in which to gather give journalists advance copies of speeches and forthcoming reports schedule press conferences at hours well-geared to news deadlines write press releases in usable language carefully organize their press conferences and "photo opportunity" sessions On the other hand, the media becomes reluctant to run articles that will harm corporate interests that provide them with the resources that the media depends upon. The complexity of this supposed relationship also gives rise to a "moral division of labor", in which "officials have and give the facts," and "reporters merely get them". 1 24 Model Car Journalists are then supposed to adopt an uncritical attitude that makes it possible for them to accept corporate values without experiencing cognitive dissonance. During the year 2005 in the USA, the Government Accountability Office (GAO) criticised the George W. "

" Chomsky, in particular, has made extensive use of its explanative power to lend support to his own interpretations of mainstream media attitudes towards a wide array of events, including the following: Gulf War (1990) Panama invasion (1989) Iraq invasion (2003). Herman, seeking to build upon a more institutionalized framework to analyze mainstream media functioning, joined the media watchdog group Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR), which has as its goal the critique, documentation, and statistical analysis of what it alleges is media bias and censorship since 1986. With the emergence of the World Wide Web as a cheap and potentially wide-ranging means of communication, a number of independent websites have surfaced which adopt the propaganda model to subject media to close scrutiny. Several examples of these are MediaLens, a British-based site authored by David Edwards and David Cromwell. Testing applicability to other countries Chomsky has this to say: That's only rarely been done in any systematic way. There is work on the British media, by a good U[niversity] of Glasgow media group. And interesting work on British Central America coverage by Mark Curtis in his book Ambiguities of Power. Model Car Engine There is work on France, done in Belgium mostly, also a recent book by Serge Halimi (editor of Le Monde diplomatique). There is one very careful study by a Dutch graduate student, applying the methods Ed Herman used in studying US media reaction to elections (El Salvador, Nicaragua) to 14 major European newspapers. "