" The bosons in the Standard Model are: Unsolved problems in physics: Parameters in the Standard Model: What gives rise to the Standard Model of particle physics? Why do its particle masses and coupling constants possess the values we have measured? Does the Higgs boson predicted by the model really exist? Why are there three generations of particles in the Standard Model? Is the Standard Model reality, a good approximation to reality, or fatally flawed? Photons, which mediate the electromagnetic interaction. W and Z bosons, which mediate the weak nuclear force Eight species of gluons, which mediate the strong nuclear force . Six of these gluons are labelled as pairs of "colors" and "anti-colors" (for example, a gluon can carry "red" and "anti-green". ) The other two species are a more complex mix of colors and anti-colors. The Higgs bosons, which induce spontaneous symmetry breaking of the gauge groups and are responsible for the existence of inertial mass. It turns out that the gauge transformations of the gauge bosons can be exactly described using a unitary group called a "gauge group". The gauge group of the strong interaction is SU(3), and the gauge group of the electroweak interaction is SU(2)×U(1). Hot Model Oily Therefore, the Standard Model is often referred to as SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1). The Higgs boson is the only boson in the theory which is not a gauge boson; it has a special status in the theory, and has been the subject of some controversy. "

" [. . . ] Interesting results. Discussed a bit (along with some others) in a footnote in chapter 5 of my book "Deterring Democracy[". ] [3] References Chomsky, Noam. Understanding Power: the Indispensable Chomsky. Model A Ford Hot Rod New York: the New Press, 2002. Herman, Edward S. "