"g. , "The Establishment") . Unlike the first three "filtering" mechanisms — which are derived from analysis of market mechanisms — flak is characterized by concerted and intentional efforts to manage public information. Flak from the powerful can be either direct or indirect. The direct could include the following hypothetical scenarios: Letters or phone calls from the White House to Dan Rather or William Paley Inqueries from the FCC to major television networks requesting documents used to plan and assemble a program Messages from irate executives representing advertising agencies or corporate sponsors to media officials threatening retaliation if not granted on-air reply time. The powerful can also work on the media indirectly by: Complaints delivered en masse to their own constituencies (e. g. Fitness Gallery Model Photo, stockholders, employees) about media bias, Generation of mass advertising that does the same, By funding watchdog groups or think tanks engineered to expose and attack deviations in media coverage that endanger vital elite interests. By funding political campaigns that elect politicians who will be more willing to curb any such media deviations. "

" & Roth-Berghofer, Th. (Eds. ) Professional knowledge management; LNCS 3782 Springer Verlag; 2005. Models as people artist model — in art school modeling, a person who poses for purposes of art. model — person whose occupation is to display clothing (eg. a "fashion model") or other personal items of artistic or aesthetic value, and who is often physically attractive; a model who attains celebrity status or is otherwise widely known is said to be a "supermodel". promotion model— promotes a product or service role model — person who acts as a behavioural or moral example to others. Fitness Model Portfolio Models as physical objects physical model — physical representation of an object; in engineering, similitude is used in the scientific testing of physical models. scale model — a replica or prototype of an object built as a hobby or for research. "