", the original is constituted by the model and that makes devations from model to original imposible. On ontology is in constituting reference mode to the domain it constitutes . The distinction between descriptive and prescriptive reference mode goes at least back to Wieringa, [2]. More detail and references regarding models and modeling can be found, e. g. , in [3]. II. Swedish Female Model The consistency of models may be conceptual or physical. In many areas of research conceptual models have become the dominating species, as conceptual models, more easily than physical ones, can be investigated by means of computing. "

" [1] [2] Flak The term "flak" has been used to describe what Chomsky and Herman see as targeted efforts to discredit organizations or individuals who disagree with or cast doubt on the prevailing assumptions which Chomsky and Herman view as favorable to established power (e. g. , "The Establishment"). Unlike the first three "filtering" mechanisms — which are derived from analysis of market mechanisms — flak is characterized by concerted and intentional efforts to manage public information. Flak from the powerful can be either direct or indirect. The direct could include the following hypothetical scenarios: Letters or phone calls from the White House to Dan Rather or William Paley Inqueries from the FCC to major television networks requesting documents used to plan and assemble a program Messages from irate executives representing advertising agencies or corporate sponsors to media officials threatening retaliation if not granted on-air reply time. The powerful can also work on the media indirectly by: Complaints delivered en masse to their own constituencies (e. Female Latino Modelg. , stockholders, employees) about media bias, Generation of mass advertising that does the same, By funding watchdog groups or think tanks engineered to expose and attack deviations in media coverage that endanger vital elite interests. "