" The bosons in the Standard Model are: Unsolved problems in physics: Parameters in the Standard Model: What gives rise to the Standard Model of particle physics? Why do its particle masses and coupling constants possess the values we have measured? Does the Higgs boson predicted by the model really exist? Why are there three generations of particles in the Standard Model? Is the Standard Model reality, a good approximation to reality, or fatally flawed? Photons, which mediate the electromagnetic interaction. W and Z bosons, which mediate the weak nuclear force Eight species of gluons, which mediate the strong nuclear force . Six of these gluons are labelled as pairs of "colors" and "anti-colors" (for example, a gluon can carry "red" and "anti-green". ) The other two species are a more complex mix of colors and anti-colors. The Higgs bosons, which induce spontaneous symmetry breaking of the gauge groups and are responsible for the existence of inertial mass. It turns out that the gauge transformations of the gauge bosons can be exactly described using a unitary group called a "gauge group". The gauge group of the strong interaction is SU(3), and the gauge group of the electroweak interaction is SU(2)×U(1). Hot Model Rod Therefore, the Standard Model is often referred to as SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1). The Higgs boson is the only boson in the theory which is not a gauge boson; it has a special status in the theory, and has been the subject of some controversy. "

" or as one of these under particular conditions. The original temporally or causally may be a predecessor of the original or a successor of it depending on the case at hand. Often it will be such that historically there can be found an iteration of sequences of model constitution and original constitution. One should not miss out the point that the original as well must be constituted in some way so it becomes accessible to the modeling individual I. IV. The term model is used in many communities with quite different traditions, commonly perceived problems, and purposes. To use the term properly therefore requires it being put into the right context. Car Hot Model While this entry attempts to provide a general framework for talking about models it is not very likely that all communities would accept and use that framework. V. "