" To understand how then models are used in more detail one needs to distinguish from each other the various reference modes in which the investigator puts the model with respect to the original. The reference modes that perhaps are most important in computing are: (1) descriptive, i . e. , the model describes the original. If the deviation from model to original cannot be tolerated then the model has to be changed. Analysis models are in a descriptive reference mode to their originals. (2) prescriptive, i. Artist For Model Shipe. , the model prescribes the original. "

" Discussed a bit (along with some others) in a footnote in chapter 5 of my book "Deterring Democracy[". ] [3] References Chomsky, Noam. Understanding Power: the Indispensable Chomsky. New York: the New Press, 2002. Herman, Edward S. and Chomsky, Noam. Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media. Liberty Ship Model New York: Pantheon Books, 1988. Herman, Edward S. "