" For a detailed description of the differences between fermions and bosons, see the article on identical particles. In the Standard Model, the theory of the electroweak interaction (which describes the weak and electromagnetic interactions) is combined with the theory of quantum chromodynamics . All of these theories are gauge theories, meaning that they model the forces between fermions by coupling them to bosons which mediate (or "carry") the forces. The Lagrangian of each set of mediating bosons is invariant under a transformation called a gauge transformation, so these mediating bosons are referred to as gauge bosons. The bosons in the Standard Model are: Unsolved problems in physics: Parameters in the Standard Model: What gives rise to the Standard Model of particle physics? Why do its particle masses and coupling constants possess the values we have measured? Does the Higgs boson predicted by the model really exist? Why are there three generations of particles in the Standard Model? Is the Standard Model reality, a good approximation to reality, or fatally flawed? Photons, which mediate the electromagnetic interaction. W and Z bosons, which mediate the weak nuclear force Eight species of gluons, which mediate the strong nuclear force. Six of these gluons are labelled as pairs of "colors" and "anti-colors" (for example, a gluon can carry "red" and "anti-green". Hot Model Woman) The other two species are a more complex mix of colors and anti-colors. The Higgs bosons, which induce spontaneous symmetry breaking of the gauge groups and are responsible for the existence of inertial mass. "

" The theory postulates five general classes of "filters" that determine the type of news that finally gets published in news media. These five are: Ownership of the medium Medium's funding sources Sourcing Flak Anti-communist ideology The first three (ownership, funding, and sourcing) are generally regarded as being the most important. Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure and organizing principles which the model postulates as the cause of media biases. The filters Ownership Herman and Chomsky argue that since all mainstream media outlets are embodied in large corporations, which are themselves often part of much larger conglomerates (e. g. Westinghouse or General Electric). Such conglomerates frequently extend beyond traditional media fields, and thus have extensive financial interests that may be endangered when certain information is widely publicized. Hot Indonesia Model Thus, according to this reasoning, news items that most endanger the corporate financial interests that own the media will face the most bias and censorship. The authors claim that the importance of ownership filter is the fact that corporations are subject to shareholder control in the context of a profit-oriented market economy. "