" These parameters cannot be independently calculated. The model does not describe the gravitational interaction . Since the completion of the Standard Model, many efforts have been made to address these problems. One attempt to address the first defect is known as grand unification. The so-called grand unified theories (GUTs) hypothesized that the SU(3), SU(2), and U(1) groups are actually subgroups of a single large symmetry group. At high energies (far beyond the reach of current experiments), the symmetry of the unifying group is preserved; at low energies, it reduces to SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) by a process known as spontaneous symmetry breaking. The first theory of this kind was proposed in 1974 by Georgi and Glashow, using SU(5) as the unifying group. Oz Model A distinguishing characteristic of these GUTs is that, unlike the Standard model, they predict the existence of proton decay. In 1999, the Super-Kamiokande neutrino observatory reported that it had not detected proton decay, establishing a lower limit on the proton half-life of 6. "

"e. , the original is constituted by the model and that makes devations from model to original imposible. On ontology is in constituting reference mode to the domain it constitutes. The distinction between descriptive and prescriptive reference mode goes at least back to Wieringa, [2]. More detail and references regarding models and modeling can be found, e. g. , in [3]. America Top Model II. The consistency of models may be conceptual or physical. "