" Models as physical objects physical model — physical representation of an object; in engineering, similitude is used in the scientific testing of physical models. scale model — a replica or prototype of an object built as a hobby or for research . a particular version of a series of vehicles produced by an automobile manufacturer is known as a model. Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a software architecture that separates an application's data model, user interface, and control logic into three distinct components so that modifications to one component can be made with minimal impact to the others. MVC is often thought of as a software design pattern. However, MVC encompasses more of the architecture of an application than is typical for a design pattern. Hence the term architectural pattern may be useful (Buschmann, et al 1996), or perhaps an aggregate design pattern. Model Ship Model Boat Operation In broad terms, constructing an application using an MVC architecture involves defining three classes of modules. Model: This is the domain-specific representation of the information on which the application operates. "

", "The Establishment"). Unlike the first three "filtering" mechanisms — which are derived from analysis of market mechanisms — flak is characterized by concerted and intentional efforts to manage public information. Flak from the powerful can be either direct or indirect. The direct could include the following hypothetical scenarios: Letters or phone calls from the White House to Dan Rather or William Paley Inqueries from the FCC to major television networks requesting documents used to plan and assemble a program Messages from irate executives representing advertising agencies or corporate sponsors to media officials threatening retaliation if not granted on-air reply time. The powerful can also work on the media indirectly by: Complaints delivered en masse to their own constituencies (e. g. , stockholders, employees) about media bias, Generation of mass advertising that does the same, By funding watchdog groups or think tanks engineered to expose and attack deviations in media coverage that endanger vital elite interests. Boat Lighting Model Ship By funding political campaigns that elect politicians who will be more willing to curb any such media deviations. Anti-Ideologies; substitutes for anti-communism A final filter is anti-ideology. "