" The direct could include the following hypothetical scenarios: Letters or phone calls from the White House to Dan Rather or William Paley Inqueries from the FCC to major television networks requesting documents used to plan and assemble a program Messages from irate executives representing advertising agencies or corporate sponsors to media officials threatening retaliation if not granted on-air reply time. The powerful can also work on the media indirectly by: Complaints delivered en masse to their own constituencies (e . g. , stockholders, employees) about media bias, Generation of mass advertising that does the same, By funding watchdog groups or think tanks engineered to expose and attack deviations in media coverage that endanger vital elite interests. By funding political campaigns that elect politicians who will be more willing to curb any such media deviations. Anti-Ideologies; substitutes for anti-communism A final filter is anti-ideology. Anti-ideologies exploit public fear and hatred of groups that pose a potential threat, either real or imagined. Kit Model Sailing Ship Communism once posed the primary threat according to the model. Communism and socialism were portrayed by their detractors as endangering freedoms of speech, movement, press, etc. "

" Their predicted properties were experimentally confirmed with good precision. The Large Electron-Positron collider at CERN tested various predictions about the decay of Z bosons, and found them confirmed. To get an idea of the success of the Standard Model a comparison between the measured and the predicted values of some quantities are shown in the following table: Quality Measured (GeV) SM prediction (GeV) Mass of W boson 80,4120±0,0420 80,3900±0,0180 Mass of Z boson 91,1874±0,0021 91,1874±0,0021 Challenges to the Standard Model Although the Standard Model has had great success in explaining experimental results, it has never been accepted as a complete theory of fundamental physics. This is because it has two important defects: The model contains 19 free parameters, such as particle masses, which must be determined experimentally (plus another 10 for neutrino masses). These parameters cannot be independently calculated. The model does not describe the gravitational interaction. Since the completion of the Standard Model, many efforts have been made to address these problems. Model Ship Victory One attempt to address the first defect is known as grand unification. The so-called grand unified theories (GUTs) hypothesized that the SU(3), SU(2), and U(1) groups are actually subgroups of a single large symmetry group. "