" Overview First presented in their 1988 book Manufacturing Consent: the Political Economy of the Mass Media, the propaganda model views the private media as businesses selling a product — readers and audiences (rather than news) — to other businesses (advertisers). The theory postulates five general classes of "filters" that determine the type of news that finally gets published in news media . These five are: Ownership of the medium Medium's funding sources Sourcing Flak Anti-communist ideology The first three (ownership, funding, and sourcing) are generally regarded as being the most important. Although the model was based mainly on the characterization of United States media, Chomsky and Herman believe the theory is equally applicable to any country that shares the basic economic structure and organizing principles which the model postulates as the cause of media biases. The filters Ownership Herman and Chomsky argue that since all mainstream media outlets are embodied in large corporations, which are themselves often part of much larger conglomerates (e. g. Westinghouse or General Electric). Live Steam Model Trains Such conglomerates frequently extend beyond traditional media fields, and thus have extensive financial interests that may be endangered when certain information is widely publicized. Thus, according to this reasoning, news items that most endanger the corporate financial interests that own the media will face the most bias and censorship. "

" Unlike the quarks, they do not possess a quality called "color", and their interactions are only weak and electromagnetic, and fall off with distance. On the other hand, the strong or "color" force between quarks gets stronger with distance, so that quarks are always found in colorless combinations called hadrons, a phenomenon known as quark confinement. These are either fermionic baryons composed of three quarks (the proton and neutron being the most familiar example) or bosonic mesons composed of a quark-antiquark pair (such as pions). The mass of such aggregates exceeds that of the components due to their binding energy. Tests and predictions The Standard Model predicted the existence of W and Z bosons, the gluon, the top quark and the charm quark before these particles had been observed. Their predicted properties were experimentally confirmed with good precision. The Large Electron-Positron collider at CERN tested various predictions about the decay of Z bosons, and found them confirmed. Model Power Trains To get an idea of the success of the Standard Model a comparison between the measured and the predicted values of some quantities are shown in the following table: Quality Measured (GeV) SM prediction (GeV) Mass of W boson 80,4120±0,0420 80,3900±0,0180 Mass of Z boson 91,1874±0,0021 91,1874±0,0021 Challenges to the Standard Model Although the Standard Model has had great success in explaining experimental results, it has never been accepted as a complete theory of fundamental physics. This is because it has two important defects: The model contains 19 free parameters, such as particle masses, which must be determined experimentally (plus another 10 for neutrino masses). "