" V. References [1] Stachowiak, H . ; "Modell" (In German); In: Seiffert, H. Handlexikon zur Wissenschaftstheorie; Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag; 1989; pp. 219 - 222. [2] Wieringa, R. J. Model Shrimp Boat; "Algebraic foundations for dynamic conceptual models"; PhD dissertation Free University of Amsterdam; 17 May 1990. [3] Kaschek, R. "

" The Higgs boson is the only boson in the theory which is not a gauge boson; it has a special status in the theory, and has been the subject of some controversy. Gravitons, the bosons believed to mediate the gravitational interaction, are not accounted for in the Standard Model. There are twelve different types, or "flavours", of fermions in the Standard Model. Amongst the proton, neutron, and electron, those fermions which constitute the vast majority of matter, the Standard Model considers only the electron a fundamental particle. The proton and neutron are aggregates of smaller particles known as quarks, which are held together by the strong interaction. The fundamental fermions in the Standard Model are given in the table. Table Left handed fermions in the Standard Model Fermion (Left-handed) Symbol Electric charge Weak charge* Weak isospin Hypercharge Color charge* Mass** Generation 1 Electron e -1 2 -1/2 -1/2 1 0. Model Gas Boat511 MeV Electron neutrino νe 0 2 +1/2 -1/2 1 < 50 eV Positron ec 1 1 0 1 1 0. 511 MeV Electron antineutrino 0 1 0 0 1 < 50 eV Up quark u +2/3 2 +1/2 +1/6 3 ~5 MeV *** Down quark d -1/3 2 -1/2 +1/6 3 ~10 MeV *** Anti-up antiquark uc -2/3 1 0 -2/3 ~5 MeV *** Anti-down antiquark dc +1/3 1 0 +1/3 ~10 MeV *** Generation 2 Muon μ -1 2 -1/2 -1/2 1 105. "