" The model is another name for the domain layer. Domain logic adds meaning to raw data e . g. calculating if today is the user's birthday or the totals, taxes and shipping charges for shopping cart items. View: This renders the model into a form suitable for interaction, typically a user interface element. MVC is often seen in web apps: the view is the html page and the code which gathers dynamic data for the page. Controller: This responds to events, typically user actions, and invokes changes on the model (but *not* the view). Scale Model Sail Boat Many applications use a persistent storage mechanism (such as a database) to store data. MVC does not specifically mention this data access layer. "

"g. , "The Establishment"). Unlike the first three "filtering" mechanisms — which are derived from analysis of market mechanisms — flak is characterized by concerted and intentional efforts to manage public information. Flak from the powerful can be either direct or indirect. The direct could include the following hypothetical scenarios: Letters or phone calls from the White House to Dan Rather or William Paley Inqueries from the FCC to major television networks requesting documents used to plan and assemble a program Messages from irate executives representing advertising agencies or corporate sponsors to media officials threatening retaliation if not granted on-air reply time. The powerful can also work on the media indirectly by: Complaints delivered en masse to their own constituencies (e. g. Sail Boat Make And Model, stockholders, employees) about media bias, Generation of mass advertising that does the same, By funding watchdog groups or think tanks engineered to expose and attack deviations in media coverage that endanger vital elite interests. By funding political campaigns that elect politicians who will be more willing to curb any such media deviations. "